PF-04859989 HCl is a brain-penetrable and irreversible inhibitor of kynurenine amino transferase II (KAT II), which is the enzyme responsible for most of the brain synthesis of kynurenic acid.

Daphnoretin has anticancer effects on leukemia, osteosarcoma and uterine cervix cancer cells, might through promoting apoptosis in a mitochondria-mediated way.

Ilexoside D has ant-allergic, and anti-coagulant activities, it shows anti-tissue factor activity as well as the antithrombotic activity.